‘Retaliation’ by Marquis de Sade, translated by Margaret Crosland

Born five years after the death of Jonathan Swift, Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (1740-1814) – as Camille Pagila argues in Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (snappy!) – is best categorised as a satirist rather than a pornographer. Sade would have denied both and all forms of literary taxonomy. Iconoclastic, anti-clerical, revolutionary, Sade even contradicted his own psychopathic sexuality. In Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), Richard von Krafft-Ebing used the terms sadism and masochism (after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch) to describe active and passive sexual pleasure derived from pain. If anything, taking as clues Sade’s sexual preferences in his novels, the Divine Marquis was a masochist. In this masochistic and funny short story, Sade attacks everything – the Church, the State, marriage, literature, himself and finishes with Carry On-like ribaldry. The Crimes of Love and The Misfortunes of Virtue and Other Early Tales (both Oxford World’s Classics) act as literary foreplay to the longer philosophic prose orgies.

In De Sade Quartet, Peter Owen, 1963. Online here

‘Spinning Gears’ by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa

Probably my favourite Japanese author, well, the one I return to more than others, Akutagawa is best known for his short stories ‘Rashōmon’ and ‘In a Grove’ – Akira Kurrosawa’s Rashomon is based on the latter and not the former tale. For a take on Akutagawa’s troubled life and writings, read David Peace’s fictional biography Patient X. This story details the slow disintegration of Akutagawa’s mind, faith and life. It recalls the doubles in the works of Edgar Allan Poe, Fyodor Dostoevsky and looks forward to the doppelgangers in the novels of Vladimir Nabokov and Ursula K. Le Guin. Akutagawa walks through the streets of Tokyo’s Shitamachi, much as Poe’s William Wilson had done in Stoke Newington one hundred years earlier. In this Tokyo, still devastated by the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, Akutagawa encounters people we are not quite sure exist, friends say they have met him in bars when Akutagawa wasn’t there and he becomes obsessed with the strange workings of his mind and memory. Other Japanese authors I could have included are Kanoko Okamoto, Osamu Dazai, Kenji Nakagami, Mieko Kanai, Yūko Tsushima, Yōko Ogawa and Mariko Nagai.

First published posthumously as ‘Haguruma’, 1927. Translated by Jay Rubin in Rashomon and Seventeen Other Stories, Penguin Classics, 2009. Online here

‘A Distant Episode’ by Paul Bowles

Paul Bowles’s works are disturbing. Not in the sense of a Stephen King or a Clive Barker but in that overused term “psychological”. I’m not one to divulge the storyline in a review, as I’d like the reader to enjoy (if that’s the word) the creeping sense of disquiet, the horripilation, the quickening of breath as the story unfolds. Bowles is sometimes grouped with the Beat Generation writers (he happened to be living in Tangier when William S. Burroughs moved there, later being visited by Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Gregory Corso) but Bowles is a better and more subtle writer than all of them (even if Burroughs is the more experimental and influential). Bowles’s novels and short stories are full of violence and depravation – both actual and inferred – and infused with the desert’s silence and darkness. This is a North Africa where European/Americans are out of their depth, however much they feel integrated.

First published in Partisan Review, January–February, 1947. Collected in Collected Stories, Penguin Modern Classics, 2009. Online here

‘The Concentration City’ by J.G. Ballard

In 1969, in his essay ‘Theatrum Philosophicum’, Michel Foucault claimed that, “Perhaps one day this century will be known as Deleuzian.” Let us allow Gilles Deleuze the 20th century and strike a claim as early as 2018 for the 21st being Ballardian. Of course, Ballard owed much to earlier speculative fiction, to Kafka (the two main characters in this short story are called Franz and Gregson), Jorge Luis Borges, and even to Philip K. Dick. But Ballard’s “inner space”, his domestic dystopias and his triumvirate of doctor, desirable woman and psychopath (or an amalgamation of all three in different personae) circumscribe personal and narrative loci while synchronously shattering our given ideas on family, sex, violence and society. To add an autobiographical note, I grew up five miles from where Ballard lived – Old Charlton Road in Shepperton – so I knew Ballard’s topography, cycled its roads, watched planes land and depart, walked around the reservoirs. I think I was about eighteen when I summoned up the courage – or had quaffed enough pints of lager – to phone Mr. Ballard (his number was in the book) to ask him for an interview. He was very polite but declined, saying that he had a deadline – no doubt with a large glass of scotch and soda. So I took to walking past his house with its yellow door and overgrown front garden, hoping to catch a glimpse through the dingy net curtains of Jim or at least his reproductions of Paul Delvaux’s ‘The Violation’ and ‘The Mirror’, apt descriptions of Ballard’s prose with its doubles and perversions, its violence and psychological/pathological reflection. ‘The Concentration City’ is a very early Ballard story and on re-reading it I was struck again by its dystopian vision of an over-populated and extensively built world, a premonition of Mike Davis’s City of Quartz and Planet of Slums, but saw anew how it prefigured William Gibson’s Sprawl trilogy.

First published, under the title ‘Build-Up’, in New Worlds volume 19 number 55 in January 1957. Collected in The Disaster Area, Jonathan Cape, 1967, and The Complete Short Stories of J. G. Ballard: Volume 1, Fourth Estate, 2014. Online here

‘Hotel Waldhaus’ by Thomas Bernhard, translated by Kenneth J Northcott

Taking a cue from this author, I will be brief. This three-sentence short story is all things Bernhardian – concise, cruel and funny. The reader may also enjoy Novels in Three Lines by Félix Fénéon.

From The Voice Imitator, University of Chicago Press, 1997. Originally published as Der Stimmenimitator, 1978. Online here

‘Who Are These People?’ by Ronald Sukenick

At the end of the eighteenth century, the German Romantic poet and philosopher Friedrich Schlegel wrote, “a fragment, like a miniature work of art, has to be entirely isolated from the surrounding world and be complete in itself like a hedgehog,” This is a more apt description of the short story, a fragment implies that there is something missing, that it is a surviving part of a whole, that it eludes to something more complete – I’m thinking of Sappho, Sophocles and Antimachus; whereas the short story (at least the ones I enjoy) are small, prickly, perfect in their own haecceity, and slightly humorous. Sukenick was one of the founders of the Fiction Collective (later Fiction Collective Two), a radical publisher of experimental short fiction; its authors included Mark Amerika, Chris Mazza, Fanny Howe, Samuel R. Delaney, Curtis White and Mark Leyner. This story, set in the queue for the Uffizi Gallery, is an absurd take on tourism, racism, sexism, cultural appropriation and misunderstanding. I’ve not had much luck visiting galleries, in 1993 I had been in the Uffizi fifteen minutes when there was a bomb threat and the building was evacuated. I’ve not been back. In 2004, in Berlin, I planned to visit the huge MoMA exhibition at the Neue Nationalgalerie, only to find the line stretching for what seemed like miles along the Potsdamer Strasse. On the approach to the entrance, there was an illuminated sign informing us of the wait time – twenty-eight hours.

Collected in Doggy Bag, University of Alabama Press, 1994. Online here

‘I Was an Infinitely Hot and Dense Dot’ by Mark Leyner

I can’t find an online link to this short story, so I’m going to quote the opening page as evidence of its brilliance…
i was an infinitely hot and dense dot so begins the autobiography of a feral child who was raised by huge and lurid puppets an autobiography written wearing wrist weights it ends with these words: a car drives through a puddle of sperm, sweat, and contraceptive jelly splattering the great chopsocky vigilante from hong kong inside, two acephalic sardines in mustard sauce arc asleep in the rank darkness of their tin container suddenly, the swinging doors burst open and a mesomorphic cyborg walks in and whips out a 35 Ib. phallus made of corrosion-resistant nickel-base alloy and he begins to stroke it sullenly, his eyes half shut it’s got a metal-dioxide membrane for absolute submicron filtration of petrochemical fluids it can ejaculatc herbicides, sulphuric acid, tar glue, you name it at the end of the bar, a woman whose album-length poem about temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ) had won a grammy for best spoken word recording is gently slowly ritually rubbing copper hexafluoroacetylacetone into her clitoris as she watches the hunk with the non-euclidian features shoot a glob of dehydrogenated ethylbenzene 3,900 miles towards the arctic archipelago eventually raining down upon a fiord on baffin bay outside, a basketball plunges from the sky, killing a dog at a country fair, a huge and hairy man in mud-caked blue overalls, surrounded by a crowd of retarded teenagers, swings a sledgehammer above his head with brawny keloidal arms and then brings it down with all his brute force…
There are more ideas in a Mark Leyner short story than in most 900-page novels.
In My Cousin, My Gastroenterologist, Harmony Books, 1990. Also included in Storming the Reality Studio: A Casebook of Cyberpunk & Postmodern Science Fiction, ed. Larry McCaffery, Duke University Press Books, 1991

‘Algeria: A Series of Invocations Because Nothing Else Works’ by Kathy Acker

I’m not sure that this is a short story but then Kathy Acker probably didn’t know what it was either. “THE LAND IN ALGERIA IS PINK LIFE IN THIS AMERICA STINKS” is how it begins and any literature so bold grabs my attention. And where are we with this “story”? We’re in Algeria and New York, in an orgy of origination and borrowings, of sex and violence, of torture and text. Acker’s going through a re-evaluation. Forgotten for a decade or so, there is now a biography by Chris Kraus, a re-issue of Blood and Guts in High School in Penguin Modern Classics and another biography will be published next year. The trouble with Acker is her life overshadows her writing, the post-punk poet, the princess of plagiarism, the tattooed postmodernist who was all textuality and sexuality. But read her books – if you can get hold of them – Acker takes Brion Gysin and William S. Burroughs’s cut-up method and shoots it full of deconstruction, she doesn’t even bother to cut up the source material, she just lobs it in like a fragmentation grenade, the narrative littered with smithereens of Georges Bataille, Pierre Guyotat, Jean Genet and Stephen Barber. But what Acker’s writing does for these “borrowed” texts is unleash an energy, an untapped source of reference and drive. Let us hope her other works are re-published.

Aloes Books, 1984. Also included in Hatred of Capitalism: A Semiotext(e) Reader, eds Chris Kraus & Sylvère Lotringer, Semiotext(e), 2001. Online here)

‘The Prophet of the Road’ Yukon Territory, Canada (1983) by William T Vollmann

Vollmann is the ultimate maximalist writer, from his unfinished Seven Dreams series to his most recent non-fiction No Immediate Danger and No Good Alternative: volumes one and two of Carbon Ideologies (1,400 pages), Vollmann produces a lot and then produces some more. But he is also a consummate short story writer. ‘The Prophet of the Road’ is his usual mixture of reportage and fiction. Vollmann is a brave writer and this story exemplifies his syncretic style.

In The Atlas, Viking Penguin, 1996. Online here

‘The Skin-Crawlers’ by Ccru

The Ccru were a collective of students, theorists, writers, artists and musicians formed through the philosophy department of Warwick University in the 1990s. Founded by Sadie Plant and then guided by Nick Land, Ccru’s experimental philosophy, writing and performance art influenced artists and thinkers as diverse as Ray Brassier, Howard Slater, Mark Fisher, Hari Kunzru, Jake and Dinos Chapman and the trending theories of accelerationism and hauntology. This short story, in the form of a games manual, riffs on H. P. Lovecraft, Cthulhu mythology, Dick, Burroughs, cyberpunk and Post-structuralism. But it’s also funny in its hyper-arched all-too-aware hipness.

Published in Writings 1997-2003, Urbanomic Media, 2017, and online here

Introduction

Confession: the only thing I enjoy less than writing non-fiction is writing non-fiction about writing.

I like making stuff up. I don’t like thinking about how or why made-up stuff works. Especially stuff made up by other people.

My favourite line about anyone, ever, is when art historian Michael Levey said of the painter Paul Cezanne that “his peasant-stubborn secretive nature made him detest theorising talk”. When I read that I thought “yep, me too, Paul”.

Also: when I went back and re-read what I thought were some of my favourite short stories in preparation for writing this piece – stories that I particularly remember being struck by, or moved by, or amazed by; stories that, in some cases, I hadn’t re-read in twenty-five years – I found that I didn’t even like half of them any more.

They were too overwritten, or too obvious, or too flashy, or too dumb, or too clever, or too long, or too specifically written by Raymond Carver.

I didn’t go back and re-read Angela Carter either, but that’s just because she’s already been done to death in this series. Obviously, I adore Angela Carter as much as the next rabid Angela Carter fan – and would, in fact, have been amenable to writing (badly) about Angela Carter’s short stories and nothing else for this piece.

I did go back and read one Ernest Hemingway short story, but only because I’m going to mention him in the context of Joanna Walsh, so I reckon we’ll be okay.

My second favourite line ever, by the way, is when art historian Michael Levey said of the painter Paul Cezanne that “his own efforts to overcome an inherent clumsiness and force himself on in pursuit of the significant made him largely indifferent to the work of others painters”.

I’m not altogether indifferent to the work of other writers, but I am inherently clumsy.

So: discounting the short stories and/or writers I don’t like any more, and mostly discounting the ones I adore but which/who have already been written about extensively in this series (and by better writers than me), I’m left with a bunch of stories about which I don’t have anything theoretical – possibly not even anything interesting– to say.

Certainly I don’t have anything anywhere near as interesting to say as the stories themselves do.

I think somebody once suggested that short stories, in the way that we encounter them, experience them, remember them, even forget them, are like love affairs. Or it might have been that novels are like love affairs, and short stories are more like sexy/exciting/disastrous one-night stands. Or maybe that was poems. I’ve likely mis-remembered the whole thing. It’s possible I made it up just to make a point.

Either way, is there anything potentially more boring than listening to someone tell you about a love affair/one-night stand that they once had?

Yes, there is. It’s listening to someone tell you about twelve love affairs/ one-night stands that they once had.

And so here, in no particular order, are mine.

‘Millionaires’ by Michael Chabon

The One You Spent Years Getting Over:

It’s possible that I wasted at least half my twenties being obsessed by this short story from Michael Chabon’s first collection – wanting to permanently inhabit its nostalgic, winter-afternoon mood of doomed and unnecessarily complicated young relationships, wanting to meet and fall in love with a woman as magnificently over-romanticised as its damaged and gloriously-named heroine Kimberly Ellen Donna Marie Trilby, wanting to somehow one day write a story exactly the same as it.

Harry was my best friend, but millionaires have squandered their fortunes, and men have lost their minds, and friends have tracked each other down for less than the sight of a lovely woman in nothing but a sweater.

Re-reading the story now I’m embarrassed by who I was then, and even more by who I wanted to be (it’s not for nothing that someone once wrote a paper on ‘The Short Fiction of Michael Chabon: Nostalgia in the Very Young’), but, my God, Chabon writes some beautiful, beautiful prose. And knows better than anyone how and when to leave stuff out.

I’ve also realised that the best story in that debut collection is actually not ‘Millionaires’ at all, but ‘The Lost World’ (there’s that nostalgia again), a much lower-key, coming-of-age piece that recreates with astonishing grace the exact moment when adolescence tips you out of childhood and into an unknown new country.

You should read them both, though.

(First published in The New Yorker, 1990. Collected in A Model World, and Other Stories, William Morrow/Sceptre 1991)

‘Engineer-private Paul Klee Misplaces an Aircraft Between Milbertshofen and Cambrai, March 1916’ by Donald Barthelme

The One You Don’t Want to Share with Anyone:

It’s not just this Donald Barthelme story that I don’t want to share with anyone – it’s allof them. I actually get upset, and jealous, and angry when other people talk about how much one of Barthelme’s stories mean to them. Because, really, how could they know? They weren’t there. 

Yes, Barthelme’s stories can be so playful – with their insistence on deconstructing structure and style and technique and everything else – that sometimes they topple over into glibness. They can come off cold. A lot of them were first published in ‘The New Yorker’, after all. They’re never completely silly, though. Never daft for the sake of it (which is what a lot of his imitators miss). There’s always a logic there.

And when there’s a heart, when Barthelme’s games accidentally uncover a moment of resonating, delicate emotional depth, almost in spite of himself, it’s lovely.

And so it is with this story of the painter Paul Klee, observed by omniscient the secret police, who comes up with an artistic solution to the loss of a plane.

To my surprise and dismay, I notice that one of them is missing. There had been three, tied down on the flatcar and covered with canvas. Now I see with my trained painter’s eye that instead of three canvas-covered shapes on the flatcar there are only two.

But what I’m saying iseven if, after reading this story, or all the ninety-nine other stories spread across this collection and its companion ‘Sixty Stories’, even if you think you get Donald Barthelme, trust me, you don’t. Because he’s mine.

(First published in The New Yorker​, 1971. Collected in Forty Stories, 1987. Available to read online here)

‘Spar’ by Kij Johnson

The One About Sex That Wasn’t Just About Sex:

A woman has sex with a shapeless alien. Lots of sex. Weird sex. Disturbing sex. Sex that goes on for months or possibly even years, as the pair are trapped together inside a tiny spaceship lifeboat. There are cilia and tendrils and muscle and slime, and piss and shit and snot, and bleeding and gagging and internal things breaking and worse.

It penetrates her a thousand ways. She penetrates it, as well.

The first time I read this (multi-award winning) story I almost fell over on a packed tube train. That’s how powerful it is. I didn’t know what to do with myself. I didn’t know where to look, or exactly how to feel.

“It’s deeply unpleasant… offensive on many levels,” Johnson has said of the piece, “this is a story I love without liking it at all”.

However, it’s also a beautiful, brutally honest meditation on grief and anger and boredom and loneliness in relationships, and on the ways we fail to communicate (and not just with aliens).

Okay, maybe beautiful is going too far. Tendrils, though.

(from At the Mouth of the River of Bees, Big Mouth Press, 2012. Read online here)